Harnessing Technology for Poverty Alleviation: A Path to Sustainable Development

The significance of digitalisation and technology in addressing poverty and promoting development cannot be overstated. With more than half of the global population still lacking access to the internet, it is imperative to tackle this issue as the digital gap continues to widen. Technology has the potential to bring about positive change, especially in low-income and vulnerable communities, by enhancing access to essential services and humanitarian aid.

In the pursuit of economic growth and poverty eradication, innovation, technology, and research and development (R&D) are fundamental drivers of progress. While many developing nations have made strides in reducing poverty, it is important to acknowledge that technology alone is not the sole determining factor. Institutional change, societal forces, and government policies have also played significant roles in poverty reduction.

It is apparent that there is a reciprocal relationship between technology and poverty, as technological advancements can contribute to poverty reduction by improving human health and education, enhancing productivity, and creating new opportunities for economic growth. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have increasingly been recognised as powerful tools for socio-economic development, particularly in bridging the digital divide between rural and urban areas.

In Malaysia, the government has implemented various initiatives to enhance internet connectivity, particularly in rural areas. The Network Readiness Index (NRI) for 2023 ranked Malaysia 43rd out of 134 countries, highlighting the country’s significant progress in internet accessibility. However, there is still a need to address the disparities in internet connectivity between urban and rural areas, as well as access to fixed-line broadband services.

The impact of technology on poverty alleviation extends beyond digital connectivity, encompassing improvements in healthcare, access to educational resources, financial inclusion, infrastructure development, and disaster resilience. By leveraging technology, governments and organisations can facilitate sustainable development and work towards achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

To maximise the benefits of technology for poverty alleviation, concerted efforts are needed to enhance the business environment, provide ICT training in rural areas, and continuously evaluate the effectiveness of digital infrastructure. By prioritising grassroots initiatives and integrating ICT interventions into rural development frameworks, it is possible to pave the way for sustainable growth and poverty reduction in underserved communities.

Dr. Rulia Akhtar, a Research Fellow at the Ungku Aziz Centre for Development Studies (UAC) at Universiti Malaya, stresses the critical role of technology in addressing poverty and advancing development. It is essential for policymakers, businesses, and civil society to collaborate in harnessing technology as a catalyst for positive change.