The British Army is currently addressing the need to modernise its vehicle fleets, with a particular focus on the obsolescence of its main battle tank (MBT) and its relevance in today’s evolving threats. Specifically, the Challenger 2, which has been in service since 1998, requires a significant upgrade or replacement due to its aging technology and unique features, such as its rifled L30A1 main gun.
To address these challenges, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) awarded an £800m contract to Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL) in May 2021, with the purpose of upgrading 148 Challenger 3 (CR3) MBTs for the British Army. This upgrade involves the installation of Rheinmetall’s L55A1 120mm smoothbore gun, as well as improvements in armour, sensors, and compatibility with Nato ammunition. The prototype of the CR3 has already been produced, with ongoing testing and development.
The CR3 tank is anticipated to remain in service until at least 2040, providing the British Army with enhanced warfighting capabilities and contributing to the UK’s deterrence strategy. This upgrade is a significant step towards ensuring that the UK maintains alignment with its Nato allies in terms of MBT capabilities, particularly in the face of evolving threats and challenges.
A major concern regarding the CR3 upgrade is the potential loss of depleted uranium ammunition capability, which could reduce its lethality. However, the UK, in collaboration with Germany, has signed an agreement to develop more lethal ammunition for the CR3, aiming to maintain its killing probability when used against heavy armour.
In addition to the main gun upgrade, the CR3 also features a new turret with improved sensors and a comprehensive sensor suite, enhancing the tank’s battlefield awareness and capability. These upgrades bring the British Army’s MBT capabilities in line with its allies, positioning it to effectively face future challenges.
While the CR3 is not classified as a ‘next-generation’ platform, it signifies a significant advancement in modernising the British Army’s MBT capabilities for the next 15-20 years. This sets the stage for the potential introduction of newer MBT designs in the future, ensuring that the UK maintains its position at the forefront of advanced military technology and capabilities.
The Challenger 3 represents a critical development in the British Army’s efforts to ensure that its MBT capabilities remain relevant and effective in the face of evolving threats. With its advanced upgrades and modern features, the CR3 is poised to play a pivotal role in the UK’s defence strategy for years to come.