Whales are currently under significant threat from human activity, with ship collisions leading to up to 20,000 whale fatalities each year. The North Atlantic right whales, of which there are only around 360 remaining, have been particularly impacted, experiencing three deaths in a matter of weeks. This situation is indeed severe, however, there is optimism on the horizon in the form of innovative technology aimed at safeguarding whales from fast-moving ships.
One such initiative is the Whale Safe programme, which was instigated in 2020 following a record-high 14 whale collisions in California. This programme utilises microphone-equipped buoys to detect whale calls underwater and broadcast warnings to nearby ships. It also publicly rates shipping companies based on their adherence to speed limits. Since its launch, there has been a decrease in the number of reported collisions in California, alongside an increase in the proportion of ships reducing their speed in collision hotspots.
The concept of employing technology to safeguard whales is garnering global traction. Chile has implemented its first acoustic buoy to notify ships of the presence of various whale species, whilst Greek researchers have effectively utilised buoys to detect sperm whales in the Mediterranean. Furthermore, a European project is in progress to develop detection boxes equipped with thermal and infrared cameras to enable ships to spot whales at an early stage.
Whilst technological advancements hold promise, prompting changes in ship behaviour is equally critical. Mandatory speed restrictions in Canada have been broadened, and the International Maritime Organization has established a “Particularly Sensitive Sea Area” in the north-western Mediterranean to mitigate ship strikes. Efforts are also underway in Sri Lanka and New Zealand to redirect ships away from whale habitats.
Despite the challenges, there is reason for optimism regarding the future of whales. With a history of recuperating from the brink of extinction, the North Atlantic right whale has the potential to make a recovery. The endeavours to shield whales from ship collisions, combined with technological advancements, undoubtedly signal a step in the right direction.
In conclusion, the utilisation of technology and alterations in ship behaviour present a glimmer of hope for the protection of whales amidst escalating human activity. Via sustained efforts and advancements, there exists the potential for a brighter future for whale populations worldwide.