Meniscal tears are a common knee injury, as evidenced by the recent surgery undergone by tennis player Novak Djokovic to repair a tear in his meniscus. The meniscus, a critical C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee, serves as a stabilizer and shock absorber, often resulting in sports with sudden twists or rotations, such as basketball, tennis, and soccer.
Frequent symptoms of meniscal tears include pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty straightening the knee. Other common indicators include a sensation of the knee giving way and a popping feeling during the injury.
Dr. Rajeev Raman, a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at AMRI Hospital in Kolkata, emphasises the importance of managing the injury through simple steps, such as taking breaks from intense activities and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain, such as squatting or heavy lifting. Wearing a knee brace and engaging in strength training targeting the quadriceps and hamstrings are effective methods for reducing knee strain.
Non-surgical treatments, such as physical therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, and the RICE technique (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), are also beneficial in reducing pain and swelling and improving knee function.
Engaging in physical therapy exercises is crucial for strengthening the muscles around the knee, enhancing flexibility, and restoring range of motion. Dynamic stretching and low-impact exercises during warm-up and cool-down routines are essential for preparing the muscles for physical activity.
In severe or persistent cases where conservative therapies are ineffective, surgical intervention may be necessary. There are two main surgical options: meniscectomy, which involves removing the injured meniscal tissue, and meniscus repair, which involves stitching the torn meniscus. Meniscus repair is typically preferred for younger patients and those with vascular area injuries, as it preserves knee function and reduces the risk of early-onset arthritis.
Recovery from meniscal tear surgery relies on post-operative rehabilitation, which consists of multiple phases. Immediate post-surgery rehabilitation focuses on preventing muscle atrophy, restoring range of motion, and reducing swelling through activities like heel slides and straight-leg lifts. Over time, weight-bearing exercises and strength training are integrated into the rehabilitation process, allowing patients to regain muscle strength and a normal gait and reducing the risk of recurrent injuries.
Understanding meniscal tears and their management is essential for athletes and individuals participating in physical activities to ensure long-term knee health and function. Whether opting for non-surgical treatments or undergoing surgery, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable course of action for effective management of a meniscal tear.