The Dangers of High Uric Acid Levels

High levels of uric acid, also known as hyperuricemia, can result in a multitude of health issues, particularly impacting joint health. According to Dr. Jayant Kumar Hota, a senior consultant in nephrology at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, the overproduction or under-excretion of uric acid can lead to this condition. Uric acid is a by-product of purine breakdown, commonly found in high-protein foods such as red meat, seafood, and specific vegetables. When the body produces an excessive amount of uric acid or is unable to efficiently eliminate it, crystals may form in the joints and surrounding tissues.

Various factors contribute to elevated uric acid levels, including genetics, obesity, medical conditions like kidney disease and diabetes, as well as certain medications like diuretics and cancer treatments.

Diet significantly influences the development of high uric acid levels. Consumption of purine-rich foods such as red meat, organ meats, seafood, spinach, and asparagus can lead to an overproduction of uric acid. Additionally, high fructose levels from sugary drinks and processed foods can also elevate uric acid levels. Excessive alcohol consumption can impede kidney function, resulting in the accumulation of uric acid.

To effectively manage high uric acid levels, lifestyle changes such as adopting a low-purine diet, maintaining a healthy weight, remaining adequately hydrated, and limiting alcohol consumption are crucial. Medications such as xanthine oxidase inhibitors and uricosuric agents may also be prescribed to lower uric acid levels. In severe cases, corticosteroids or biologic drugs can aid in managing inflammation and pain.

Elevated uric acid levels do not solely impact joints; they can also lead to kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Over time, uric acid crystals can accumulate in the kidneys, impairing their function. Furthermore, high uric acid levels are associated with conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and metabolic syndrome – a collection of conditions including obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance, which can further heighten the risk of heart diseases and type 2 diabetes.