According to prevailing knowledge, dementia is a prevalent condition among older individuals, but age does not exert the exclusive influence on brain health. Extensive research has suggested that approximately 40 percent of dementia cases may be preventable through specific lifestyle modifications.
A recent study has identified four habits that may contribute to an elevated risk of developing dementia in later life. As per the research published in the Nature Communications journal, smoking emerges as the most deleterious habit concerning cognitive health, particularly when coupled with heavy alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and limited social interaction, further heightening the susceptibility to dementia.
Employing a sample of over 32,000 adults aged 50 to 104 across 14 different countries, the University College London (UCL) researchers conducted a study with a follow-up period extending up to 15 years. The study scrutinised 16 distinct combinations of lifestyle factors to isolate the impact of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and social contact on cognitive decline. Results consistently demonstrated that non-smokers exhibited a slower rate of cognitive decline in comparison to smokers, independent of other lifestyle factors, suggesting that abstaining from smoking or quitting may be pivotal in preserving cognitive function in later life.
Dr. Mikaela Bloomberg from UCL underscored the significance of non-smoking in sustaining cognitive function, emphasising that embracing other healthy behaviours such as regular exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, and social interaction may potentially counteract the adverse cognitive effects associated with smoking.
Categorized based on their smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and social contact, the study participants underwent cognitive function evaluations with memory and verbal fluency tests at various intervals throughout the years. Findings indicated that smokers who indulged in heavy drinking, engaged in limited physical activity, and had sparse social contact exhibited the most rapid cognitive decline. Additionally, smokers who adhered to other healthy behaviours displayed a faster cognitive decline compared to non-smokers, with lifestyle factors exerting a lesser impact on non-smokers’ cognitive function.
According to the NHS, the following lifestyle factors may help mitigate the risk of dementia:
– Following a balanced diet
– Maintaining a healthy weight
– Engaging in regular exercise
– Abiding by recommended alcohol limits
– Ceasing smoking
– Keeping blood pressure at a healthy level
– Sustaining regular social interaction
It is crucial to be cognizant of the early signs of dementia, including memory loss, difficulty concentrating, challenges in daily tasks, difficulties in following conversations, disorientation about time and place, and mood changes. Should there be any suspicion of dementia, consulting a physician is strongly advised.
In conclusion, the study underscores the profound impact of lifestyle habits on cognitive health and underscores the significance of sustaining a healthy lifestyle to diminish the risk of dementia in later life. Committing to non-smoking, embracing regular physical activity and social interaction, and consuming alcohol in moderation all play a pivotal role in preserving cognitive function as one ages. It is imperative to accord priority to these healthy behaviours to safeguard brain health and overall well-being.