Modernizing Pastoralism: Adapting to Climate Change and New Lifestyles

In Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and other regions, over 50 million people are pastoralists, relying on livestock raising as their way of life. However, the practice is facing challenges due to worsening environmental conditions, reductions in pastoral lands, and a new generation looking for easier lives. But despite these challenges, pastoralism is evolving and embracing modern methods and technologies.

This traditional way of life has survived for generations due to its ability to adapt to the environment. Pastoralists move with their animals to find new sources of food and water, allowing the plants in previous grazing areas to regrow. This approach serves as a valuable lesson for industrial animal husbandry, as it demonstrates how to change with the climate and minimize environmental impact.

Mongolia is particularly renowned for its practice of pastoralism, with the nation even enshrining it in its constitution. Herders like Agvaantogtokh and his family view pastoralism as more than just a profession—it is a cultural identity that connects generations and fosters a deep human-animal bond. They consider their animals to be both a source of livelihood and living beings that work alongside them.

The herders believe in “animal agency,” allowing their animals to choose their food and find water, akin to granting them freedom of movement. Weather extremes, including dry and warm conditions, have become a part of life in Mongolia. Concerns about climate change are paramount, especially as recurring natural disasters like dzuds, intensified by dry weather and severe snowy winters, pose a constant threat to both humans and animals.

To ensure the survival of pastoralism, herders are incorporating modern elements into their traditional practices. For example, some families are integrating small vehicles, electricity, and communication technologies into their daily routine. However, the practice faces internal challenges, as the younger generation increasingly pursues alternative career paths, posing a potential threat to the continuation of pastoralism.

Nurmaa and Agvaantogtokh’s 18-year-old daughter has decided to study medicine, while their son, once interested in becoming a herder, has since changed his mind. Accepting the evolving aspirations of their children, Nurmaa expressed her support, emphasizing the importance of allowing them to pursue their own paths.

In conclusion, pastoralism, as a sustainable way of life, has demonstrated resilience in the face of environmental challenges and societal shifts. With its ability to adapt and its willingness to embrace modern techniques, pastoralism continues to provide valuable lessons in sustainable livestock management.

This report was originally published by The Associated Press and adapted for VOA Learning English by Gregory Stachel.